Thyroid Function

Thyroid Function


The thyroid gland is a 2-inches long, butterfly-shaped endocrine gland
generally located in the lower front of the neck. The thyroid functions to make
thyroid hormones, which are released into the blood and then carried to every
tissue in the body. Thyroid hormones regulate the body using energy,
maintaining body temperature, and keeping the brain, heart, muscles, and other
organs working.

For this reason, an imbalance in thyroid hormone levels can negatively affect
your bodily functions and your mood. Thyroid tests are used to diagnose thyroid
function by detecting thyroid hormone markers in the blood. The specific blood
tests to test your thyroid can include Thyroglobulin (Tg), Thyroid Peroxidase
(TPO), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor (TSHR), Triiodothyronine (T3), etc.

Types Of Thyroid Antibodies Function
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor (TSHR)

Thyroid Function Intro
The physiological function of the thyroid is mainly to promote the metabolism
of three major nutrients, regulate growth and development, increase tissue
oxygen consumption, promote energy metabolism, increase heat production and
improve basal metabolism. When thyroid dysfunction occurs, hyperthyroidism or
hypothyroidism will occur.

The hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis mainly regulates the synthesis and
secretion of thyroid hormones. Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) are
synthesized in thyroid follicular epithelial cells. Under the stimulation of
pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), they are released into the blood
after a series of changes.



All processes from iodine uptake to release in thyroxine synthesis have a
promoting effect. More than 99% of T3 and T4 are bound to plasma proteins,
mainly attached to thyroxine-binding globulin. Only about 0.4% of total plasma
T3 and 0.04% of T4 are free, and only free T3 and T4 can Enter the target cells
to play a role, and the part bound to the protein regulates and stabilizes free
T3 and T4. The level of free T3 and T4 in the blood Fluctuating negative
feedback causes an increase or decrease in the release of thyrotropin-releasing
hormone (TRH) from the hypothalamus and the release of thyrotropin-releasing
hormone (TSH) from the pituitary. The primary role of TRH is to promote the
synthesis and release of TSH from the pituitary.

Thyroid Antibody
(1) Thyroglobulin antibody (TGA) and thyroid microsomal antibody (TMA): TGA and
TMA in serum are two primary specific thyroid autoantibodies. TGA is a specific
diagnostic indicator for chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, often significantly
elevated. Autoimmune thyroid disease TGA and TMA are elevated and can also be
detected in the blood of other thyroid diseases and healthy people.

(2) Thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb): TRAb is also known as a thyroid-
stimulating antibody (TSAb) or thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI). TRAb
is a kind of thyroid autoantibody produced in the autoimmune process of
malignant diffuse goiter. It can stimulate the thyroid to produce thyroid
hormones. The determination of TRAb is beneficial to the study of the
pathogenesis of diffuse malignant goiter.

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