Organic Intermediates

Ethyl vinyl ether, with the chemical formula C4H8O, is a versatile compound. Ethyl vinyl ether was first synthesized and characterized in the early 20th century when chemists were exploring the reactivity of vinyl compounds and their derivatives. Its discovery helped expand the range of available ethers and provided new pathways for organic reactions. Ethyl vinyl ether has an ethoxy group (-OCH₂CH₃) attached to a vinyl group (-CH=CH₂). It is a colorless, volatile liquid with an ethereal odor. It has a boiling point of about 35°C and is soluble in organic solvents but slightly soluble in water. Ethyl vinyl ether is a versatile reagent in organic chemistry due to its ability to undergo a variety of transformations. It is often used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and fragrances. Its vinyl group is able to participate in polymerization and cross-coupling reactions, which expands its usefulness in the synthesis of complex organic molecules. As a specialty solvent, ethyl vinyl ether finds application in the polymer industry, particularly in the production of specialty resins and coatings. It can act as a cosolvent or reaction medium during polymerization, helping to form specific polymer structures and properties. Ethyl vinyl ether has been explored as a fuel additive. Its oxygen-containing functional groups can improve the combustion efficiency of fuels, thereby reducing emissions and improving fuel performance. Ethyl vinyl ether is extremely flammable and should be handled with care. Proper storage and handling procedures, including adequate ventilation and fire protection, are essential to reduce risks. Information on its acute toxicity is limited, but it is generally considered to be low. However, prolonged or repeated exposure may irritate the respiratory system and skin. Ethyl vinyl ether is biodegradable under aerobic conditions, although the specific degradation pathways may vary. Its environmental impact is primarily related to its flammability and potential as a volatile organic compound (VOC). Brand: Soarwin CAS No.:109-92-2 EC Number: 203-718-4 Molecular Formula: C4H8O Melting point : -116 ºC Boiling point: 36 ºC Flash point: -45 ºC

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Methyl Vinyl Ether is a reagent in the preparation of sodium alginate interpolymer complexes, pH-tunable drug carries.Copolymers used in coatings and lacquers; modifier for alkyl, polystyrene, and ionomer resins; plasticizer for nitrocellulose and adhesives. Brand: Soarwin CAS No.:107-25-5 EC Number: 203-475-4 Molecular Formula: C3H6O Density : 0.7440 Melting point : -122°C Boiling point: 6°C

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Glutaraldehyde, with the chemical formula C5H8O2, is a widely used compound. Glutaraldehyde was first synthesized in the early 1950s when researchers were searching for an effective sterilant and fixative for biological specimens. Its discovery marked a major advancement in chemical sterilization and preservation technology. Glutaraldehyde is an aliphatic dialdehyde consisting of a five- carbon chain with two aldehyde (-CHO) functional groups at the 1 and 5 positions. It is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a pungent odor. Glutaraldehyde is soluble in water and many organic solvents and has good miscibility in aqueous solutions. Glutaraldehyde is widely used as a sterilant for medical devices and equipment due to its broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores. It effectively crosslinks proteins and disrupts cellular structures, inactivating microorganisms and preventing their proliferation. In healthcare settings, glutaraldehyde solutions are used as high-level disinfectants for endoscopes, surgical instruments, and other heat-sensitive medical devices. These solutions ensure effective sterilization without compromising the integrity of delicate instruments. In addition to healthcare, glutaraldehyde is used in a variety of industrial processes, including water treatment, petroleum production, and papermaking. It is used as a biocide in cooling water systems, a cross-linking agent in leather tanning, and a preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. Glutaraldehyde is a valuable intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, dyes, and polymers. It participates in reactions to form imines, acetals, and other functional derivatives that aid in the production of a variety of chemical compounds. Glutaraldehyde is toxic and irritates the skin, eyes, and respiratory system upon direct contact or inhalation. When handling concentrated solutions, appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves and goggles, should be worn. Used glutaraldehyde solutions require special handling procedures due to their biocidal properties. Prior to disposal, efforts should be made to neutralize or degrade residual glutaraldehyde to minimize environmental impact. Brand: Soarwin CAS No.:111-30-8 EC Number: 203-856-5 Molecular Formula: C5H8O2 Density : 1.058 g/mL at 20 °C Melting point : -15 °C Boiling point: 100 °C

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Stannous chloride is used as a sensitizing agent in preparing glass and plastic for metalizing. It serves as a potent reducing agent. Other uses of stannous chloride are tin electroplating baths, corrosion inhibitors, polymers, thermoplastic elastomers, soldering flux, antioxidant, tanning agent and pharmaceuticals. Brand: Soarwin CAS No.:10025-69-1 EC Number: 600-045-1 Molecular Formula: Cl2H4O2Sn Density : 2.71 Melting point : 37-38 °C (dec.)(lit.) Boiling point: 652 °C(lit.)

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Stannous Chloride is an antioxidant and preservative that exists as white or colorless crystals, being very soluble in water. it reacts read- ily with oxygen, preventing its combination with chemicals and foods which would otherwise result in discoloration and undesirable odors. it is used for color retention in asparagus at less than 20 ppm. it is also used in carbonated drinks. Brand: Soarwin CAS No.:7772-99-8 EC Number: 231-868-0 Molecular Formula: Cl2Sn Density : 3.95 Melting point : 246-624°C(lit.) Boiling point: 652°C(lit.) Flash point: 652°C

It is used as an intermediate in chemical processing and as a raw material for manufacturing bromine-based flame retardants. Brand: Soarwin CAS No.:7789-59-5 EC Number: 232-177-7 Molecular Formula: Br3OP Density : 2.82g/mLat 25°C(lit.) Melting point : 56°C(lit.) Boiling point: 192°C(lit.) Flash point: 189°C

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3,8-Dihydroxy-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-6-one, commonly referred to as emodin, is a naturally occurring anthraquinone derivative found in various plant species, including rhubarb, buckthorn, and senna. Its distinctive structure, consisting of a fused dibenzo[b,d]pyranone ring system with hydroxyl groups at the 3- and 8-positions, contributes to its diverse biological activities and makes it a significant compound in both natural product chemistry and medicinal research. The history of emodin traces back to traditional medicine, where plants containing this compound were employed for their laxative and anti-inflammatory properties. Early chemical investigations in the 19th century isolated emodin from rhubarb root, and subsequent studies elucidated its structure through advances in spectroscopy and crystallography. Its name derives from *Rheum emodi*, a plant species recognized as a primary source of this compound. Emodin exhibits a range of pharmacological effects due to its ability to interact with multiple biological pathways. It is best known for its laxative properties, attributed to its influence on gastrointestinal motility. Additionally, emodin has demonstrated potential as an anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer agent. Studies suggest that it exerts these effects by modulating enzymes, signaling proteins, and transcription factors, such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). In modern applications, emodin has attracted interest for its role in cancer therapy research. Preclinical studies have indicated its ability to inhibit tumor cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, and suppress metastasis in various cancer models, including colorectal, breast, and lung cancers. These effects are linked to its interaction with pathways regulating cell cycle and oxidative stress. Furthermore, emodin's potential antiviral activity has been explored, particularly against coronaviruses and herpes simplex virus, providing avenues for therapeutic development. Beyond medicine, emodin has been investigated for its use as a natural dye due to its vibrant coloration and chemical stability. In the food and cosmetics industries, it is used as a natural additive, although its safety and dosage must be carefully regulated due to its potent biological activity. While the therapeutic potential of 3,8-Dihydroxy-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-6-one is promising, challenges remain regarding its bioavailability, solubility, and toxicity at high doses. Ongoing research focuses on developing derivatives and formulations to enhance its efficacy and safety profile for clinical applications. Brand: Soarwin CAS No.:1143-70-0 EC Number: 881-478-5 Molecular Formula: C13H8O4 Density : 1.516±0.06 g/cm3 (20 ºC 760 Torr) Melting point : 340-345 ºC Boiling point: 527.9±43.0 ºC (760 mmHg) Flash point: 214.2±21.7 ºC

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Bilirubin is a yellow breakdown product of heme catabolism, formed when heme is cleaved by heme oxygenase. This reaction produces carbon monoxide and biliverdin, which is rapidly reduced to bilirubin by biliverdin reductase. Bilirubin has key roles as a free radical scavenger with antioxidant and anti- inflammatory actions. Free and albumin-bound bilirubin can also scavenge nitric oxide (NO) and NO-related species. Unconjugated bilirubin is highly water- insoluble and must be conjugated with glucuronides to become water soluble and subsequently excreted by the liver and kidney. Brand: Soarwin CAS No.:635-65-4 EC Number: 211-239-7 Molecular Formula: C33H36N4O6 Density : 1.374 g/cm3 Melting point : 192 °C Boiling point: 925.2ºC at 760 mmHg Flash point: 513.3ºC

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NADPH is the reduced form of the coenzyme NADP+; used in anabolic reactions such as lipid and nucleic acid synthesis, which require NADPH as a reducing agent. NADPH, Tetrasodium Salt is a A ubiquitous coenzyme that acts as an electron donor in many reactions utilizing dehydrogenase and reductase enzymes. It is generated by reduction of the electron acceptor NADP+. The following biological pathways involve NADPH: formation of carbohydrate from CO2 during photosynthesis, maintenance of high levels of reduced glutathione in erythrocytes, reduction of thioredoxin. Brand: Soarwin CAS No.:2646-71-1 EC Number: 220-163-3 Molecular Formula: C21H31N7NaO17P3 Density : 2.28 g/cm C Melting point : >250oC (dec.) Boiling point: 1175.1oC at 760 mmHg Flash point: 664.5 ºC

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Triphosphopyridine nucleotide disodium salt is a compound that plays a crucial role in the field of biochemistry, especially in processes related to cellular energy transfer and metabolic pathways. It is a derivative of pyridine nucleotide and has three phosphate groups attached to its pyridine ring, contributing to its ability to participate in redox reactions and serve as an essential coenzyme in several biochemical reactions. The disodium salt form of this compound makes it soluble in water, facilitating its use in various biochemical and industrial applications. The discovery of triphosphopyridine nucleotide disodium salt, as well as its understanding, can be traced back to research on pyridine nucleotides, particularly nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and its phosphorylated derivatives. Researchers identified that the phosphorylated forms of these nucleotides could contribute to energy production and electron transfer within cells. In subsequent years, scientists isolated and studied the triphosphorylated version, recognizing its distinct properties and biological significance. Triphosphopyridine nucleotide disodium salt is essential for a variety of biochemical applications. It functions as a coenzyme in several oxidation- reduction reactions, playing a role in transferring electrons during metabolic processes such as glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. By participating in these pathways, it helps in the production of ATP, which cells use as a primary energy source. Its ability to carry high- energy electrons makes it indispensable in the bioenergetic processes that sustain life. In addition to its biological significance, triphosphopyridine nucleotide disodium salt has found application in industrial settings, particularly in the field of biotechnology. It is utilized in enzyme-based processes, where it serves as a cofactor for enzymes involved in the synthesis of important biological molecules. It is also used in research to study redox reactions and cellular metabolism, providing a valuable tool for understanding metabolic diseases, aging, and the effects of oxidative stress. Another notable application of triphosphopyridine nucleotide disodium salt is in its use in diagnostic and therapeutic research. The compound is employed in assays to measure enzyme activity, such as those involving NAD/NADH or NADP/NADPH systems. Its ability to alter the redox state of the cell makes it useful in studies aimed at understanding the mechanisms of diseases related to energy metabolism, such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. The applications of triphosphopyridine nucleotide disodium salt extend to the pharmaceutical industry as well. Its involvement in cellular energy transfer processes means that it could potentially play a role in drug development aimed at enhancing cellular function or combating diseases where energy metabolism is disrupted. Additionally, its application in enzyme-driven reactions makes it valuable in the production of bio-based chemicals and the development of biocatalysts for sustainable processes. Ongoing research is focused on expanding the understanding of triphosphopyridine nucleotide disodium salt’s role in cellular metabolism and its potential therapeutic applications. Modifying its structure or introducing it into novel pathways could lead to new biotechnological advancements, especially in the fields of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology. In summary, triphosphopyridine nucleotide disodium salt is a vital compound in cellular energy processes and redox reactions. Its discovery has significantly advanced our understanding of metabolism, and its applications continue to have a profound impact on both fundamental research and industrial practices, especially in biotechnology and pharmaceuticals. Brand: Soarwin CAS No.:24292-60-2 EC Number: 246-129-8 Molecular Formula: C21H26N7Na2O17P3 Density : 1.66g/cm3 at 20℃ Melting point : 175-178 °C

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Beta-Diphosphopyridine nucleotide (β-DPN) was discovered in the mid-20th century during research into cellular metabolism and energy production. Its identification stemmed from investigations into the role of coenzymes in biochemical reactions, particularly those involved in oxidative phosphorylation and the electron transport chain. β-DPN was isolated from cellular extracts and characterized as an essential cofactor involved in electron transfer reactions within cells. This pivotal discovery shed light on the mechanisms underlying cellular respiration and energy metabolism, leading to a deeper understanding of biological processes at the molecular level. β-DPN serves as a crucial cofactor in numerous enzymatic reactions involved in cellular respiration, glycolysis, and fatty acid oxidation. It plays a central role in transferring electrons from metabolic intermediates to the electron transport chain, facilitating ATP synthesis and energy production in cells. Researchers utilize β-DPN in studies exploring metabolic pathways, enzyme kinetics, and the regulation of cellular energy metabolism. Measurement of β-DPN levels in biological samples can provide valuable insights into cellular energy status and metabolic health. Abnormal levels of β-DPN may indicate metabolic disorders such as mitochondrial dysfunction, diabetes, or metabolic syndrome. Diagnostic assays based on β-DPN analysis help clinicians diagnose and monitor these conditions, guiding treatment strategies and patient care. Understanding the role of β-DPN in cellular metabolism is essential for the development of therapeutics targeting metabolic diseases. Pharmaceutical companies utilize β-DPN as a target for drug discovery and development, aiming to modulate its activity to treat conditions like diabetes, obesity, and neurodegenerative disorders. Research into β-DPN metabolism and its dysregulation in disease states informs the design of novel pharmacological interventions.β-DPN finds applications in biotechnological processes for the production of biofuels, pharmaceuticals, and industrial chemicals. Enzymatic reactions utilizing β-DPN as a cofactor enable the synthesis of valuable compounds through biocatalysis. Biotechnologists engineer microorganisms and enzymes to optimize β-DPN-dependent pathways for efficient bioproduction of desired products, contributing to sustainable and environmentally friendly manufacturing practices.β-DPN metabolism plays a role in nutrient utilization and energy metabolism in organisms. Studies investigating dietary factors that influence β-DPN levels provide insights into nutritional strategies for optimizing metabolic health and preventing chronic diseases. Understanding β- DPN's role in nutrient metabolism informs dietary recommendations and nutritional interventions aimed at improving overall health and well-being. Brand: Soarwin CAS No.:53-84-9 EC Number: 200-184-4 Molecular Formula: C21H27N7O14P2 Melting point : 140-142°C

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β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced (NADH) comprise a coenzyme redox pair (NAD+:NADH) involved in a wide range of enzyme catalyzed oxidation reduction reactions. In addition to its redox function, NAD+/NADH is a donor of ADP-ribose units in ADP-ribosylaton (ADP-ribosyltransferases; poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases ) reactions and a precursor of cyclic ADP-ribose (ADP-ribosyl cyclases). Brand: Soarwin CAS No.: 606-68-8 EC Number: 210-123-3 Molecular Formula: C21H30N7NaO14P2 Density :1.955 at 20℃ Melting point : 140-142°C

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Nicotinamide Riboside Chloride is the chloride salt form of nicotinamide riboside(NR).NR is a new form pyridine-nucleoside of vitamin B3 that functions as a precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD) or NAD+ . Nicotinamide riboside chloride is a crystal form of Nicotinamide riboside (NR) chloride. Nicotinamide riboside chloride increases NAD[+] levels and activates SIRT1 and SIRT3, culminating in enhanced oxidative metabolism and protection against high fat diet-induced metabolic abnormalities. Nicotinamide riboside chloride is used in dietary supplements. Brand: Soarwin CAS No.: 23111-00-4 EC Number: 200-184-4 Molecular Formula: C11H15ClN2O5

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NMNH (reduced Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) is a new potent NAD+ precursor. It is a new form of NMN, can increase NAD levels to a much higher extent. NMNH is a fluorescent molecule, in contrast to NMN. The molecular formulae for NMNH is C11H17N2O8P and it is also known as 1-(5-O-phosphono-beta-D- ribofuranosyl) -1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide Reduced nicotinamide mononucleotide. Brand: Soarwin CAS No.: 108347-85-9 Molecular Formula: C11H18N2NaO8P

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